26. Tom notices that he is a lot more short of breath after he finishes a 200 meter sprint than when he jogs for 3 miles. He is confused because he feels as if he should feel more tired when he runs for a much longer distance. Explain to him why it makes sense that he is indeed more short of breath after running a sprint than jogging. Make sure to explain it using your scientific knowledge of cellular respiration.
- After running the 200 meter sprint Tom is short of breath because he is using more oxygen than his body is recieving. Making it harder for his body to make ATP and he gets short of breath. When Tom went jogging for 3 miles he was running at a slower steady pace and he was recieving oxygen at the same rate he was producing ATP so he could jog for a longer period of time without getting tired faster.
27. A scientist isolates mitochondria form human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP).
- When the mitochondria was placed in the acid solution the acid was releasing hydrogen ions. Those hydrogen ions wil travle through the inter membranious and into the matrix through ATP synthase. The ions move form high to low concentrations naturally and ATP synthase will attach to ADP making ATP without glucose.
28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is mis-shapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is “failing to thrive” as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above.
-Baby Helen is having these problems because her electron transport chain cannot produce enough ATP for her body. If her protien in her ETC was not mis-shapen it would pass the hydrogen ions through the protein to ATP synthase, but it is pumping the ions slower or not at all whitch is making it harder for her body to make hydrogen ions into ATP for her cells to grow making here lose wieght and not able to reach develpmental milestones.
29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
- When sunlight enters the chloroplasts the photons of light get changed from light energy into food energy whitch is photosynthesis. In Cellular Repiration glucose bonds are broken down and go from food energy into useable energy ATP.
30. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged?
-The role of ATP is biochemical reactions is the basic necessity to produce glucose and produce chemical energy. ATP is used as energy throught all the cell. Cells get energy from a molecule of ATP by going through cellular resperation and breaking the bonds between phosphates. ATP is recharged because when ATP has broken down to ADP, the ADP is released from the binding site the protiens and may be filled by another ATP molcule.
- After running the 200 meter sprint Tom is short of breath because he is using more oxygen than his body is recieving. Making it harder for his body to make ATP and he gets short of breath. When Tom went jogging for 3 miles he was running at a slower steady pace and he was recieving oxygen at the same rate he was producing ATP so he could jog for a longer period of time without getting tired faster.
27. A scientist isolates mitochondria form human cells and places them in an acid solution. The acid penetrates the intermembranous space of the mitochondria. The scientist then notices that the mitochondria start making ATP despite the fact that he is not providing any glucose for them. How is it possible that the mitochondria are still making ATP? (Think back to what an acid is, what it releases when placed in a solution and why this would make the mitochondria synthesize ATP).
- When the mitochondria was placed in the acid solution the acid was releasing hydrogen ions. Those hydrogen ions wil travle through the inter membranious and into the matrix through ATP synthase. The ions move form high to low concentrations naturally and ATP synthase will attach to ADP making ATP without glucose.
28. Genetic testing reveals that baby Helen has a defective gene that results in the defective production of one of the proteins in the electron transport chain. Because of faulty instructions in her DNA, one of the proteins in her ETC is mis-shapen, and therefore it cannot perform its function as efficiently. Baby Helen is “failing to thrive” as she is having a hard time gaining weight and reaching developmental milestones. Using your knowledge of the ETC and its role in making ATP, explain why you think baby Helen is having the problems described above.-Baby Helen is having these problems because her electron transport chain cannot produce enough ATP for her body. If her protien in her ETC was not mis-shapen it would pass the hydrogen ions through the protein to ATP synthase, but it is pumping the ions slower or not at all whitch is making it harder for her body to make hydrogen ions into ATP for her cells to grow making here lose wieght and not able to reach develpmental milestones.
29. Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.- When sunlight enters the chloroplasts the photons of light get changed from light energy into food energy whitch is photosynthesis. In Cellular Repiration glucose bonds are broken down and go from food energy into useable energy ATP.
30. Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions. What is ATP used for in your cells? How do your cells get energy out of a molecule of ATP? How is ATP recharged?-The role of ATP is biochemical reactions is the basic necessity to produce glucose and produce chemical energy. ATP is used as energy throught all the cell. Cells get energy from a molecule of ATP by going through cellular resperation and breaking the bonds between phosphates. ATP is recharged because when ATP has broken down to ADP, the ADP is released from the binding site the protiens and may be filled by another ATP molcule.